A chemical peel can reduce the appearance of acne, scarring, wrinkles, and sun damage. They work differently based on how deeply they exfoliate the skin.
What is a chemical peel?
Chemical peels stand as sophisticated cosmetic treatments designed to elevate skin health through the strategic use of acids for exfoliation.
These acids delicately remove damaged skin cells, promoting healing with minimal scarring or color changes when administered correctly. Operating on two skin layers, the visible outer epidermis and the underlying dermis housing nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles, chemical peels cater to a range of skin concerns.
From addressing fine lines, wrinkles, and acne to minimizing enlarged pores, scarring, redness, rosacea, and hyperpigmentation, dermatologists skillfully apply exfoliant acids. The process involves targeting thicker areas like the chin and cheeks before addressing more delicate areas around the eyes and mouth.
Post-peel, dermatologists employ cool saline compresses to remove residual exfoliant, recommending aftercare measures such as applying a weak vinegar solution or unscented emollient. Although the procedure may lead to temporary swelling and peeling, typically lasting 1–2 weeks depending on peel depth, maintaining a dry face for the initial 24 hours and avoiding makeup until complete healing is crucial for optimal results.
Types of chemical peel
There are three types of chemical peel, based on how deeply they exfoliate the skin:
- superficial peels
- medium-depth peels
- deep peels
The right choice depends on the type and shade of a person’s skin and what issue they are hoping to address.
Superficial Peels
Dermatologists highly advocate the use of superficial peels when skin concerns are confined to the top layer, the epidermis.
Due to their surface-level action, superficial peels entail a significantly lower risk of side effects, ensuring a quicker and smoother skin recovery process.
The healing period for superficial peels typically spans 1–7 days, underscoring the importance of diligent sunscreen application during this crucial phase.
Recognized for their gentle yet effective nature, individuals seeking optimal results may find that up to five sessions of superficial peels are beneficial. With the flexibility of scheduling sessions every 2–5 weeks, this approach offers a gradual and customizable path to achieving the desired skin transformation.
Medium-depth Peels
Dermatologists may recommend medium-depth peels for:
- Fine wrinkles
- Sun-damaged skin
- Minor hyperpigmentation
- Minor acne scars
Medium-depth peels, renowned for their efficacy, require 7–14 days for complete healing. These peels induce swelling that may peak 48 hours post-treatment and, in some cases, result in blisters.
As part of the healing process, dermatologists provide a specialized solution, essential for optimizing skin recovery. Sun avoidance is paramount during this recovery period to safeguard against potential complications.
Additionally, dermatologists may prescribe antiviral medication for a 10–14 day period, enhancing the overall healing trajectory. While makeup application is permitted after 5–7 days, it is imperative to steer clear of direct sun exposure until the skin achieves full restoration.
Deep Peels
Chemical peels can contain different types of acid, including:
- Alpha-hydroxy acids
Some examples include glycolic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid. At-home exfoliating treatments often contain these acids. - Beta-hydroxy acids
Salicylic acid is one example, and it is especially beneficial for acne-prone skin and enlarged pores. - Trichloroacetic acid
Dermatologists typically use this in medium or deep chemical peels. - Phenol
This powerful chemical agent is useful in deep peels.
Some chemicals in peels cause the skin to develop a white coating, which the dermatologist may refer to as “frosting.”
Frosting signals the end-stage of a peel. Its presence and extent helps the doctor tell whether the peel has been sufficiently effective.
There are three levels of frosting:
- patches of white coating over red skin
- a general white coating with redness underneath
- a complete coverage of white coating with almost no redness
Side Effects
While the majority of individuals experience mild side effects from a chemical peel, it’s crucial to be aware that some may encounter lasting adverse effects, including:
- Prolonged redness lasting for months
- Temporary appearance of dark patches on the skin
- Permanent lightening of certain skin areas
- Formation of scars
To minimize the risk of these effects, it is paramount to seek the expertise of an experienced dermatologist. Following their meticulous aftercare instructions diligently becomes the best strategy to safeguard against potential complications and ensure a smoother, more successful recovery.